Goricko Nature Park Information Center
Grad 191, 9264 Grad
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Wetlands

Wetlands

The term wetland signifies natural marshes and water habitats, as well as damp and moist meadows.

The plant and animal world thrive on oligotrophic moist meadows with Purple Moor Grass. The wetlands are inhabited by rare butterflies - the Large Blue Butterfly and the Brimstone Butterfly, which depend nutritionally on plant species of this area.

Nutrient-poor wet meadows are frequently found in the larger valleys, in particular in the eastern part of Goričko, from Sredi±če to Kobilje. They are covered by Purple Moor Grass, characterised by its bluish leaves and black-violet inflorescences. These meadows, once cut back, are presently usually overgrown. Some rare plant species may still be found there, such as Siberian Iris, once a frequent ornamental element of Goričko meadows, now rarer as a result of irrigation.

Wetland with Purple Moor Grass , M.Kaligarič
Siberian Iris , (Iris sibirica), M.Bedjanič
Poeticus Daffodil, (Narcissus radiiflorus), S.De±nik

The Yellow Daylily, growing on Goričko's wet meadows, is a symbol of Goričko. In neighbouring areas, this flower is very rare. Rich clusters are to be found, for example, on the meadows of Motvarjevci. Sneezewort, a rare variety of Milfoil with comparatively larger blossoms than characteristic for the most common Milfoil species, also thrives there.

In late summer, Marsh Gentian flowers, contrast nicely with the Purple Moor Grass.

Mokrotni travnik v Motvarjevcih, S.De±nik
Yellow Daylily , ( Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus ), M.Bedjanič
sneeze-wort, (Achillea ptarmica), S.Ckornik

Because of their specific requirements, all the above-mentioned flowers are already quite rare: they are endangered by dehydration and the cessation of mowing.

Wet meadows of somewhat higher nutrient quality are also interesting and full of colour. In spring, they are rich in Cuckoo Flower or Marsh Marigold, Water Forget Me Not and Marsh Valerian, in summer, in Grote Pimpernel. More humid areas are full of flowering Brook Thistle, a well-shaped plant with red flowers. In the shadows of trees we frequently find the Cabbage Thistle with their yellow blossoms. In more humid soil are found Wood Clubrush, usually accompanied by Yellow Iris, a variety with yellow flowers and quite abundant in Slovenia. At some places, in smaller hollows with humid and acidified soil, patches of Bog Moss grow. More than ten years ago, Round-leaved Sundew, a carnivorous plant, was discovered on one of such patches.

Marsh plants also attract many species of butterflies, including three species of Large Blue Butterfly and two species of Brimstone Butterfly. Larvae of Dusky Large Blue Butterfly and Scarce Large Blue Butterfly feed on Grote Pimpernel, and larvae of Alcon Large Blue Butterfly feed on Marsh Gentian. There are also grasshoppers, beetles and other insects, which serve as nutrition for birds.

Yellow Iris ( Iris pseudacorus ), S.De±nik
Wetland with White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), S.De±nik
Wetland with Brook Thistle, M.Kaligarič
Scarce Large Blue ,M.Bedjanič
 

In the wetlands are stands of seldom cut shrubs, attractively decorating the rims of the meadows and the banks of the streams. The vegetation is composed of tall shrubs, such as Meadow-sweet, Loosestrife and Meadow-rues. However, in even more humid conditions with stagnant ground water, tall Bent-grass meadows may occur.

Larger stands of tall Bent-grass meadows may be found near Ledavsko and Hodo±ko lakes. On shore mud, left dry by summer draught, grow some plant species that are particularly rare in Slovenia. These include the Common Falsepimpernel and Low Falsepimpernel, delicate plants representing the Figwort family. The Mudwort from Ledavsko Lake is even smaller, and the Waterwort has a height of only a few millimetres. These grow on humid slime soil and are both found in Slovenia in fewer than five places.

Water reservoirs, dikes and banks of streams are usually overgrown by Reed-grass meadows, Reed-mace meadows and Bur-reeds meadows.

Obreµna muljasta tla ob Ledavskem jezeru, (Nano Cyperion), M.Kaligarič
Waterwort (Elatine triandra), M.Kaligarič
Reed-mace meadows , S.De±nik

 

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